Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 360
Filtrar
1.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 56(1): 25-31, 20230401.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426661

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Determinar la predisposición a recibir esta vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó un diseño observacional de corte transversal en la población adulta del Paraguay entre mayo y octubre 2022. se aplicó el cuestionario de Kotta et al previamente validado, el cual fue difundido por redes sociales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 303 encuestados, con edad media 34 ± 12 años y predominio del sexo femenino (64,0%). En la muestra, 51,8% padeció COVID-19 y 97,3% ya recibió al menos una dosis de la vacuna. Se detectó que 58,4% aceptada la vacuna, 17,8% vacilaba en recibirla y 23,7% la rechazaba. La aceptación fue más frecuente en los varones (p 0,05). Conclusión: En el momento epidemiológico de disponibilidad universal de la vacuna y habiendo aún sujetos afectados por COVID-19, el rechazo a la misma fue 23,7%.


Objectives: To determine the predisposition to receive this vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional design was applied in the adult population of Paraguay between May and October 2022. The previously validated questionnaire of Kotta et al was applied, which was disseminated through social networks. Results: 303 respondents were included, with a mean age of 34 ± 12 years and predominance of the female sex (64.0%). In the sample, 51.8% suffered from COVID-19 and 97.3% have already received at least one dose of the vaccine. It was detected that 58.4% accepted the vaccine, 17.8% hesitated to receive it and 23.7% rejected it. Acceptance was more frequent in males (p 0.05). Conclusion: At the epidemiological moment of universal availability of the vaccine and with subjects still affected by COVID-19, rejection of it was 23.7%.


Asunto(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Vacunas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Dosificación , Objetivos , Métodos
2.
Chinese Medical Sciences Journal ; (4): 257-264, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008993

RESUMEN

Objective Although goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intraoperative hemodynamic lability in the association between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications. We further tested the role of this mediation effect using mean arterial pressure, a hemodynamic indicator. Methods This secondary analysis used the dataset of a completed nonrandomized controlled study to investigate the effect of GDFT on the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing posterior spine arthrodesis. We used a simple mediation model to test whether there was a mediation effect of average real variability between the association of GDFT and postoperative complications. We conducted mediation analysis using the mediation package in R (version 3.1.2), based on 5,000 bootstrapped samples, adjusting for covariates. Results Among the 300 patients in the study, 40% (120/300) developed postoperative complications within 30 days. GDFT was associated with fewer 30-day postoperative complications after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio: 0.460, 95% CI: 0.278, 0.761; P = 0.003). The total effect of GDFT on postoperative complications was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.07; P < 0.01). The average causal mediation effect was -0.08 (95% CI: -0.15, -0.04; P < 0.01). The average direct effect was -0.09 (95% CI: -0.20, 0.03; P = 0.17). The proportion mediated was 49.9% (95% CI: 18.3%, 140.0%). Conclusions The intraoperative blood pressure lability mediates the relationship between GDFT and the incidence of postoperative complications. Future research is needed to clarify whether actively reducing intraoperative blood pressure lability can prevent postoperative complications.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Presión Sanguínea , Objetivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Hemodinámica , Fluidoterapia/métodos
3.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 1175-1179, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007462

RESUMEN

Due to various constraints, such as clinical implementation conditions and unique characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-moxibustion still suffer from relatively low quality and limited applicability. The single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal can be considered as an ideal supplementary and alternative research approach to RCTs. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research is explored from the limitations of conducting acupuncture-moxibustion RCTs, the principles, the essential design considerations and key statistical steps. In addition, illustrative examples are provided. The objective is to offer insights into resolving practical difficulties in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research.


Asunto(s)
Moxibustión , Objetivos , Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura
4.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology ; (12): 353-359, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-969913

RESUMEN

Climate change is the great health challenge for human beings in the 21st century. Air pollution is also an important public health problem worldwide. China announced the climate commitment to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Achieving these goals would not only have far-reaching effects on air pollution control and climate change, but also improve the population health in China. Air pollution and climate change epidemiology are important aspects of environmental epidemiology. In this paper, we discuss the current status and future development of epidemiological research of air pollution and climate change in the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals to provide ideas and suggestions for environmental and health studies in the future.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cambio Climático , Objetivos , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Salud Ambiental , Salud Pública , China/epidemiología , Carbono
5.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 4545-4551, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008623

RESUMEN

It has become a common consensus that resource conservation and intensive recycling for improving resource utilization efficiency is an important way to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon). Traditonal Chinese medicine(TCM)resources as national strategic resources are the material basis and fundamental guarantee for the development of TCM industry and health services. However, the rapid growth of China's TCM industry and the continuous expansion and extension of the industrial chain have exposed the low efficiency of TCM resources. Resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the treatment and discharge of TCM waste have emerged as major problems faced by the development of the industry, which has aroused wide concern. Considering the dual carbon goals, this paper expounds the role and potential of TCM resource recycling and circular economy industry development. Taking the typical model of TCM resource recycling as the case of circular economy industry in reducing carbon source and increasing carbon sink, this paper puts forward the suggestions for the TCM circular economy industry serving the double carbon goals. The suggestions mainly include strengthening the policy and strategic leading role of the double carbon goals, building an objective evaluation system of low-carbon emission reduction in the whole industrial chain of TCM resources, building an industrial demonstration park for the recycling of TCM resources, and promoting the establishment of a circular economy system of the whole industrial chain of TCM resources. These measures are expected to guide the green transformation of TCM resource industry from linear economic model to circular economy model, provide support for improving the utilization efficiency and sustainable development of TCM resources, and facilitate the low-carbon and efficient development of TCM resource industry and the achievement of the double carbon goals.


Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional China , Equipo Reutilizado , Objetivos , Contaminación Ambiental , Desarrollo Económico , Carbono , China
6.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 36: 1, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431153

RESUMEN

Abstract Persistence involves the intention to maintain efforts when faced with obstacles and challenges, in order to achieve a specific goal. The Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale (RFPS) is a self-report measure that assesses persistence that is theoretically derived from the premises of the Dualistic Model of Passion. The aim of the present research was to adapt the RFPS to Brazilian Portuguese and to estimate its evidence of validity and reliability in the context of work. Participants were 400 professionals, 55.8% women, aged between 18 and 68 years. The results indicate that the RFPS presented validity evidence based on the content. Corresponding to the theoretical expectations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated adequacy of the structure composed of two factors, explaining 75% of the data variance, with good levels of reliability. The RFPS also revealed strong invariance across gender and work conditions (in-person vs remote). Flexible persistence showed positive association with harmonious passion and occupational self-efficacy. Conversely, rigid persistence showed positive association with obsessive passion. It was observed a mediational role of occupational self-efficacy in the relationship between harmonious passion and flexible persistence. Overall, the findings suggest that the RFPS is an adequate measure of persistence in a Brazilian occupational sample.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trabajo/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Psicología Positiva , Objetivos , Traducciones , Brasil , Comparación Transcultural , Análisis Factorial , Autoeficacia , Emociones
7.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e253624, 2023.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1448954

RESUMEN

O campo dos estudos transpessoais tem avançado em diversas áreas no Brasil. Comemorou seus 40 anos com uma inserção ativa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e uma ampliação de núcleos formativos e apoiadores de ensino, pesquisa e ações sociais, além de diálogos com o Sistema de Conselhos de Psicologia. Desafios são apresentados a partir do levantamento de uma série de questões importantes e ignoradas dentro da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil. Apresentamos o pluriperspectivismo participativo como possibilidade de decolonizar as matrizes eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, que dão suporte ao pensamento transpessoal brasileiro, buscando honrar nossas raízes históricas e incluir outras epistemologias e ontologias, que dão continuidade à crítica à lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos uma breve agenda de notas temáticas que carecem de um processo decolonizador no campo transpessoal: a) crítica às perspectivas de um pensamento hegemônico, em termos globais por meio da dominação Norte-Sul ou no campo das relações sociais; b) revisão das formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) questionamento da noção de universalismo das ciências e da ética; d) aprofundamento da análise crítica da supremacia restritiva da racionalidade formal técnico-científica em relação às formas de subjetividade, de vivências holísticas e integradoras e de valorização do corpo; e) revisão da noção de sujeito moderno desprovida da cocriação do humano com a comunidade, a história, a natureza e o cosmos.(AU)


The field of transpersonal studies has advanced in several areas in Brazil. It celebrated its 40th anniversary with an active insertion in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and an expansion of training centers and supporters of teaching, research, and social actions, in addition to dialogues with the System of Councils of Psychology. Challenges are presented based on a survey of a series of important and ignored issues within Transpersonal Psychology in Brazil. We present participatory pluriperspectivism as a possibility to decolonize the Eurocentric and North American matrices that support Brazilian transpersonal thought, seeking to honor our historical roots and include other epistemologies and ontologies, which continue the critique of modern Cartesian logic. We indicate a brief agenda of thematic notes that lack a decolonizing process in the transpersonal field: a) criticism of the perspectives of a hegemonic thought, whether in global terms via North-South domination or in the field of social relations; b) review of the forms of "centrocentrism"; c) questioning of the notion of universalism of science and ethics; d) deepening of the critical analysis of the restrictive supremacy of the technical-scientific formal rationality in relation to the forms of subjectivity, of holistic and integrative experiences, and of valuing the body; e) review of the notion of the modern subject devoid of the co-creation of the human with the community, the history, the nature, and the cosmos.(AU)


El campo de los estudios transpersonales ha avanzado en varias áreas de Brasil. Se celebró su 40.º aniversario con una inserción activa en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y una ampliación de los centros de formación y promotores de la docencia, la investigación y la acción social, además de diálogos con el Sistema de Consejos de Psicología. Los desafíos se presentan a partir de una encuesta de una serie de temas importantes e ignorados dentro de la Psicología Transpersonal en Brasil. Presentamos el pluriperspectivismo participativo como una posibilidad para decolonizar las matrices eurocéntrica y americana, que sustentan el pensamiento transpersonal brasileño, buscando honrar nuestras raíces históricas e incluir otras epistemologías y ontologías que continúan la crítica de la lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos una breve agenda de apuntes temáticos que carecen de un proceso decolonizador en el campo transpersonal: a) crítica de las perspectivas de un pensamiento hegemónico, ya sea en términos globales a través del dominio Norte-Sur o en el campo de las relaciones sociales; b) revisión de las formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) cuestionamiento de la noción de universalismo de la ciencia y la ética; d) profundización del análisis crítico de la supremacía restrictiva de la racionalidad formal técnico-científica en relación a las formas de subjetividad, de experiencias holísticas e integradoras y de valoración del cuerpo; e) revisión de la noción de sujeto moderno desprovisto de la cocreación de lo humano con la comunidad, la historia, la naturaleza y el cosmos.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Colonialismo , Espiritualidad , Participación Social , Perspectiva del Curso de la Vida , Filosofía , Política , Arte , Práctica Psicológica , Prejuicio , Psicología , Psicología Social , Psicofisiología , Psicoterapia , Racionalización , Aspiraciones Psicológicas , Religión y Psicología , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Autoimagen , Logro , Justicia Social , Problemas Sociales , Ciencias Sociales , Sociedades , Especialización , Superego , Tiempo , Transexualidad , Inconsciente en Psicología , Universidades , Vitalismo , Trabajo , Conducta , Conducta y Mecanismos de Conducta , Behaviorismo , Negro o Afroamericano , Humanos , Autorrevelación , Adaptación Psicológica , Selección de Profesión , Áreas de Pobreza , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Organizaciones , Salud , Salud Mental , Conflicto de Intereses , Comentario , Competencia Mental , Teoría de Construcción Personal , Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas , Congresos como Asunto , Conciencia , Diversidad Cultural , Conocimiento , Mundo Occidental , Qi , Feminismo , Vida , Conducta Cooperativa , Características Culturales , Evolución Cultural , Cultura , Mala Conducta Profesional , Autonomía Personal , Personeidad , Muerte , Características Humanas , Parto , Impulso (Psicología) , Educación , Ego , Ética Profesional , Etnología , Existencialismo , Resiliencia Psicológica , Teoría de la Mente , Apatía , Racismo , Rendimiento Académico , Cosmovisión , Etnocentrismo , Egocentrismo , Modelo de Creencias sobre la Salud , Funcionamiento Psicosocial , Comparación Social , Libertad de Religión , Diversidad, Equidad e Inclusión , Estructura Familiar , Bienestar Psicológico , Objetivos , Alucinógenos , Salud Holística , Derechos Humanos , Humanismo , Id , Individualidad , Individualismo , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Literatura , Mala Praxis , Antropología , Principios Morales , Motivación , Misticismo , Mitología
8.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 10(1): 1-5, 01/jan./2022. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358203

RESUMEN

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis paste on fracture healing in artificially induced fractured rabbits. Methods: Fifteen rabbits were separated into three groups namely A, B, and C. Veldt grape paste was applied in groups B and C (Treatment Group) by close reduction and open reduction methods of fracture management; respectively, while group A was kept as control. The blood parameter and fracture healing properties in all animals have been monitored and examined routinely during the study period. Results: Both treated groups revealed lower serum calcium levels (SCL) than the control group after 24 hours of fracture that became within the normal range on the 14th day. Fracture healing in the treated groups has been commenced more rapidly than the control group with complete bridging of discontinuity by a distinct osseous callus in the fracture line on day 7 and complete effacing of fracture line on day 14. Conclusion: We did not find any type of anomalousness, clinical deviations, and alteration of serum calcium level on the 14th day of the fracture in treated animals hence Veldt Grape paste could be readily applicable to the management of the fracture in animals.


Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da pasta de Cissus quadrangularis na consolidação de fraturas em coelhos fraturados artificialmente. Metodos: quinze coelhos foram separados em três grupos (A, B e C). A pasta foi aplicada nos grupos B e C (Grupo de Tratamento) pelos métodos de redução fechada e redução aberta de gerenciamento de fraturas; respectivamente. O grupo A foi mantido como controle. O parâmetro sanguíneo e as propriedades de cicatrização de fraturas em todos os animais foram monitorados e examinados, rotineiramente, durante o período do estudo. Resultados: ambos os grupos tratados revelaram níveis séricos de cálcio (SCL) mais baixos do que o grupo controle, após 24 horas de fratura que se tornou normal no 14º dia. A cicatrização da fratura nos grupos tratados foi iniciada mais rapidamente do que o grupo controle, com ponte completa de descontinuidade por um calo ósseo distinto na linha de fratura no dia 7 e apagamento completo da linha de fratura no dia 14. Conclusao: não encontramos nenhum tipo de anomalia, desvios clínicos e alteração do nível sérico de cálcio no 14º dia da fratura nos animais tratados, portanto, a pasta Veldt Grape pode ser aplicável ao manejo da fratura em animais.


Asunto(s)
Curación de Fractura , Cissus , Pomadas , Terapéutica , Callo Óseo , Fracturas Óseas , Objetivos , Animales de Laboratorio , Métodos
9.
Chinese Journal of Burns ; (6): 38-44, 2022.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935971

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the effects of continuous goal-directed analgesia on fluid resuscitation during shock stage in patients with massive burns, providing a basis for rational optimization of analgesia protocols in patients with burn shock. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. One hundred and thirty-six patients with massive burns who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020, and the patients were divided into continuous analgesia (CA) group (68 cases,with average age of 44 years old) and intermittent analgesia (IA) group (68 cases,with average age of 45 years old) according to whether sufentanil injection was continuously used for intravenous analgesia during the shock stage. The patients in the 2 groups were predominantly male. Before and at 72 h of treatment, the severity of disease and trauma pain of patients in the 2 groups were scored by the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and the visual analogue scale (VAS). Hematocrit, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), oxygen saturation in central venous blood (ScvO2), rehydration coefficient, blood lactate value, hourly urine output, and the adverse reactions such as hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, skeletal muscle tonicity, respiratory depression, bradycardia, pruritus, and drug addiction of patients in the 2 groups during the treatment were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 24 h post-injury. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, paired or independent sample t test, Bonferroni correction,chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Before treatment, APACHE Ⅱ and VAS scores of patients in the 2 groups were close (with t values of -0.67 and 0.32, respectively, P>0.05); At 72 h of treatment, APACHE Ⅱ and VAS scores of patients in CA group were 8.5±2.2 and 2.5±1.6, both of which were significantly lower than (15.2±3.0) and (7.9±2.0) of patients in IA group, respectively (with t values of -14.94 and -17.46, respectively, P<0.01). Compared with the pre-treatment period, the APACHE Ⅱ and VAS scores of patients in IA group decreased significantly at 72 h of treatment (with t values of 11.35 and 30.59, respectively, P<0.01); the changes in APACHE Ⅱ and VAS scores of patients at 72 h of treatment in comparison with those of patients before treatment in CA group were all similar to those of patients in IA group (with t values of 4.00 and 4.82, respectively, P<0.01). Compared with those of patients in IA group, there were no significant changes in CVP, hematocrit, heart rate, ScvO2, and MAP of patients in CA group at all three 24 h post-injury (with t values of <0.01, 0.12, 2.10, 1.55, 0.03; 0.13, 0.22, <0.01, 0.17, 0.49; 0.63, 0.06, 0.04, 2.79, and 2.33, respectively, P>0.05). Compared with those of patients in IA group at the 1st 24 h post-injury, CVP, ScvO2 and MAP of patients were significantly higher at the 2nd and 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of -10.10, -9.31, -8.89; -10.81, -4.65, and -9.43, respectively, P<0.01), and the heart rate of patients was significantly lower at the 2nd and 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of 7.53 and 7.78, respectively, P<0.01), and the hematocrit of patients decreased significantly only at the 3rd 24 h post-injury (t=15.55, P<0.01); the changes of CVP, ScvO2, MAP and heart rate of patients at the 2nd and the 3rd 24 h post-injury, and HCT of patients at the 3rd 24 h post-injury, in comparison with those of patients at the 1st 24 h post-injury in CA group were similar to those of patients in IA group (with t values of -12.25, -10.24, -8.99, 9.42, -8.83, -7.53, -11.57, 10.44, and 12.91, respectively, P<0.01). Compared with those of patients in IA group, the rehydration coefficient of patients in CA group was significantly higher only at the 3rd 24 h post-injury (t=5.60, P<0.05), blood lactate value of patients in CA group was significantly lower at the 1st and 2nd 24 h post-injury (with t values of 4.32 and 14.52, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), the hourly urine output of patients in CA group increased significantly at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of 24.65, 13.12, and 5.63, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the those of patients at the 1st 24 h post-injury, the rehydration coefficient of patients in IA group decreased significantly at the 2nd and the 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of 33.98 and 36.91, respectively, P<0.01), the blood lactate values of patients in IA group decreased significantly at the 2nd and the 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of 8.20 and 11.68, respectively, P<0.01), and the hourly urine output of patients in IA group was significantly increased at the 2nd and the 3rd 24 h post-injury (with t values of -3.52 and -5.92, respectively, P<0.01); the changes of rehydration coefficients and blood lactate values of patients at the 2nd and the 3rd 24 h post-injury in comparison with those of patients at the 1st 24 h post-injury in CA group were similar to those of patients in IA group (with t values of 35.64, 33.64, 9.86, and 12.56, respectively, P<0.01), but hourly urine output of patients in CA group increased significantly only at the 3rd 24 h compared with that of patients at the 1st 24 h post-injury (t=-3.07, P<0.01). Adverse reactions such as hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, bradycardia, and pruritus occurred rarely in patients of the 2 groups, and none of the patients had skeletal muscle tonicity, respiratory depression, or drug addiction. The incidence of adverse reactions of patients in CA group was similar to that in IA group (χ2=0.08, P>0.05). Conclusions: Continuous goal-directed analgesia can effectively relieve pain and improve vital signs of patients with large burns. Meanwhile it has little impact on volume load, which can assist in correcting ischemia and hypoxia during the shock period and help patients get through the shock period smoothly.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Analgesia , Quemaduras/terapia , Fluidoterapia , Objetivos , Dolor , Resucitación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque/terapia
10.
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ; (6): 235-240, 2022.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940943

RESUMEN

Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Objetivos , Esquistosomiasis/prevención & control , Caracoles , Organización Mundial de la Salud
11.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 21(1): 1-20, 2022. ilus, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437126

RESUMEN

Esta revisión tiene como finalidad identificar y describir la estructura de los objetivos terapéuticos incluidos en aquellas investigaciones que explicitan una intervención fonoaudiológica vocal durante los últimos cinco años. La búsqueda estratégica se lleva a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Web Of Science y se obtienen 3.974 registros, de los cuales 12 artículos cumplen con todas las condiciones declaradas en los criterios de inclusión. La tendencia mayoritaria en la literatura del área es la omisión de los objetivos terapéuticos y la alusión solo a los procedimientos empleados. En el análisis cualitativo de los objetivos hallados, se evidencia la ausencia de una estructura textual estándar y falta de diferenciación entre los tipos de objetivos, lo que provoca un alto grado de heterogeneidad en su redacción. En relación con la noción de usuario, su rol es más bien secundario y pasivo. Existe insuficiente atención a la determinación de criterios de logro y una escasa operacionalización de los contenidos a abordar en la intervención fonoaudiológica. La enunciación de los contenidos de intervención desde su naturaleza conceptual impide una medición concreta asociada a la tarea terapéutica propuesta debido a su pobre operacionalización. Se concluye que no existe una estructura común en la formulación de objetivos terapéuticos para la intervención vocal.


This review aims to identify and describe the structure of the therapeutic objectives included in research reporting vocal therapy procedures during the last five years. The strategic search was carried out on three databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and WebOf Science and 3,974 records were obtained. After the analysis, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. The general trend in the literature of the area is the omission of the objectives and the exclusive reference to the therapeutic procedures used. The qualitative analysis shows an absence of a standard textual structure and a lack of differentiation between levels of objective hierarchy, which causes a high degree of heterogeneity in their writing. The role of client is rather secondary and passive. The setting of achievement criteria and the contents operationalization to be addressed in the voice therapy session are insufficientlyattended. The enunciation of the therapy contents from their conceptual nature hinders a concrete measurement to the therapeutical task proposed, due to its lack of operationalization. It is concluded that there is no common structure in the vocal therapy objectives formulation.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Entrenamiento de la Voz , Trastornos de la Voz/terapia , Objetivos
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(10): 4383-4396, out. 2021. tab
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345685

RESUMEN

Resumo Analisam-se as características das reformas dos sistemas de saúde de países da América Latina e Caribe (ALC), a evolução dos gastos públicos e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). Discutem-se as influências neoliberais nas reformas e as possíveis consequências para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que os sucederam. Estudo comparado de países selecionados. Dados extraídos das plataformas CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory e MDG Indicators e de relatórios Health in the Americas disponíveis no Repositorio Institucional para Compartir Información da Organização Panamericana de Saúde. Revisão não exaustiva de literatura. As reformas foram divididas em três períodos: até 1990 predominou a lógica nacional solidária regulada; de 1990 a 2000 avançou-se para uma lógica concorrencial de mercado; de 2001 a 2015, evoluiu-se para programas de lógica pública, mantendo-se a concorrência entre prestadores de serviços. Os gastos públicos oscilaram e as metas dos ODM analisadas não foram completamente cumpridas. As mudanças dos sistemas de saúde seguiram as configurações dos Estados nacionais apregoadas pelo neoliberalismo, com lógica concorrencial de mercado, fragilizando o sistema de cuidados e o alcance dos ODS.


Abstract This study analyzes the characteristics of health system reforms in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the trend of public health spending, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also discusses the neoliberal influences on public health reforms and the possible consequences for the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study is a comparative, non-exhaustive literature review of selected countries, with data extracted from CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory, MDG Indicators platforms, and the Health in the Americas reports available in the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing of the Pan American Health Organization. The reforms were divided into three periods, namely: up to 1990, with a prevailing regulated national solidarity logic; 1990-2000, moving towards a market-oriented competitive logic; 2001-2015, evolving towards public logic programs, maintaining competition between service providers. Public spending fluctuated over time, and the MDG targets analyzed were not completely met. Changes in health systems followed the models prescribed by neoliberalism, with market-oriented competitive logic, weakening the care system and the achievement of the SDGs.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Desarrollo Sostenible , Objetivos , Salud Pública , Salud Global , América Latina
13.
J. bras. nefrol ; 43(2): 173-181, Apr.-June 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286946

RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are common in dialysis patients. Definition of targets for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathormone (iPTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and their treatment recommendations, are provided by international guidelines. There are few studies analyzing CKD-MBD in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the impact of guidelines on mineral metabolism control. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of biomarkers for CKD-MBD in a large cohort of PD patients in Brazil. Methods: Data from the nation-wide prospective observational cohort BRAZPD II was used. Incident patients were followed between December 2004 and January 2011. According to KDOQI recommendations, reference ranges for total Ca were 8.4 to 9.5 mg/dL, for P, 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL, for iPTH, 150-300 pg/mL, and for ALP, 120 U/L. Results: Mean age was 59.8 ± 16 years, 48% were male, and 43% had diabetes. In the beginning, Ca was 8.9 ± 0.9 mg/dL, and 48.3% were on the KODQI target. After 1 year, Ca increased to 9.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL and 50.4% were in the KDOQI preferred range. P at baseline was 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL, with 52.8% on target, declining to 4.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL after one year, when 54.7% were on target. Median iPTH at baseline was 238 (P25% 110 - P75% 426 pg/mL) and it remained stable throughout the first year; patients within target ranged from 26 to 28.5%. At the end of the study, 80% was in 3.5 meq/L Ca dialysate concentration, 66.9% of patients was taking any phosphate binder, and 25% was taking activated vitamin D. Conclusions: We observed a significant prevalence of biochemical disorders related to CKD-MBD in this dialysis population.


Resumo Introdução: Os distúrbios minerais e ósseos da doença renal crônica (DMO-DRC) são comuns em pacientes em diálise. A definição de metas para cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), paratormônio (PTHi) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) e suas recomendações de tratamento são fornecidas por diretrizes internacionais. Há poucos estudos analisando o DMO-DRC em pacientes em diálise peritoneal (DP) e o impacto das diretrizes no controle do metabolismo mineral. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi descrever a prevalência de alterações nos marcadores para DMO-DRC em uma grande coorte de pacientes em DP no Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da coorte observacional prospectiva nacional BRAZPD II. Pacientes incidentes foram acompanhados entre Dezembro de 2004 e Janeiro de 2011. De acordo com as recomendações do KDOQI, os intervalos de referência para Ca total foram de 8,4 a 9,5 mg/dL, para P, 3,5 a 5,5 mg/dL, para PTHi, 150-300 pg/mL, e para FA, 120 U/L. Resultados: A idade média foi de 59,8 ± 16 anos, 48% eram homens e 43% tinham diabetes. No início, o Ca era de 8,9 ± 0,9 mg/dL, e 48,3% estavam na meta do KODQI. Após 1 ano, o Ca aumentou para 9,1 ± 0,9 mg/dL e 50,4% estavam na faixa preferida do KDOQI. P basal era 5,2 ± 1,6 mg/dL, com 52,8% na meta, diminuindo para 4,9 ± 1,5 mg/dL após um ano, quando 54,7% estavam na meta. O PTHi basal mediano foi de 238 (P25% 110 - P75% 426 pg/mL) e permaneceu estável durante o primeiro ano; os pacientes dentro da meta variaram de 26 a 28,5%. No final do estudo, 80% estavam na concentração de 3,5 meq/L de Ca dialisato, 66,9% dos pacientes estavam tomando qualquer quelante de fosfato, e 25% estavam tomando vitamina D ativada. Conclusões: Observamos uma prevalência significativa de distúrbios bioquímicos relacionados ao DMO-DRC nesta população em diálise.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/etiología , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Diálisis Peritoneal , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Hormona Paratiroidea , Calcio , Prevalencia , Diálisis Renal , Objetivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minerales
15.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 7(2): 91-95, abr.-jun. 2021. ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391581

RESUMEN

Las metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente fueron implementadas por la Joint Commision International (JCI), a nivel mundial, con la finalidad de reducir los eventos adversos en los centros de salud. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue identificar las metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente (MISP) incorporadas en centros de salud en el marco de la cultura de seguridad y calidad de la atención. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sistematizada utilizando las bases de datos de PubMed y EBSCO Host, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de los artículos para análisis. Los ámbitos evaluados relacionados a las metas internacionales de seguridad, identificados en los artículos seleccionados fueron: i) cultura de seguridad, ii) calidad de la atención, iii) comunicación efectiva, iv) cirugía de alto riesgo, v) medicamentos de alto riesgo. Las metas internacionales de calidad están incorporadas en los diferentes centros de salud, algunos de ellos definidos explícitamente en los sistemas de evaluación de calidad y otros de manera implícita en ámbitos generales en los sistemas de evaluación.


The Joint Commission International (JCI) implemented international patient safety goals worldwide to reduce adverse events in health centers. The objective of this literature review was to identify the international patient safety goals (MISP) incorporated in healthcare facilities within the framework of safety culture and quality of care. A systematized narrative literature review was carried out using PubMed and EBSCO Host databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles for analysis. The areas evaluated related to the international safety goals identified in the selected articles were: i) safety culture, ii) quality of care, iii) effective communication, iv) high-risk surgery, v) high-risk drugs. International quality goals are incorporated in the different health centers, explicitly defined in the quality evaluation systems and others in general areas in the evaluation systems.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Centros de Salud , Seguridad del Paciente , Instituciones de Salud/normas , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Gestión de Riesgos , Medidas de Seguridad , Internacionalidad , Objetivos
16.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(4): 1355-1368, abr. 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285916

RESUMEN

Resumo O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial e requer ações que propiciem bem-estar e previnam agravos e hospitalizações evitáveis. O propósito deste artigo foi identificar ações educativas e de promoção de saúde voltadas ao envelhecimento ativo. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa de estudos publicados no ano de 2005 a agosto de 2018 nas bases de dados Lilacs e Medline, e nas bibliotecas virtuais SciELO e BVS em português, inglês e espanhol. Foram encontrados 2.069 estudos sobre os temas, sendo selecionados 33 depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão. A observação mostrou que as ações identificadas promovem a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e a participação dos idosos, caracterizando-as como promotoras do envelhecimento ativo. No entanto, observam-se que estão limitadas ao segmento de idosos, o que pode favorecer a segregação etária, além de considerar o envelhecimento a partir da terceira idade e não um processo contínuo da vida. Das ações aqui evidenciadas, embora importantes, apenas onze delas foram avaliadas, o que sugere que a avaliação ainda não está sedimentada nos processos de intervenções de educação e promoção da saúde para mostrar efetividade e favorecer a replicação em outros locais ou serviços.


Abstract Population ageing is a global phenomenon and requires actions to promote well-being and prevent illnesses and unnecessary hospital admissions. The objective of this study was to identify education and health promotion actions aimed at promoting active aging. An integrative literature review was conducted of relevant articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish published between 2005 and August 2018 using the following electronic databases and virtual libraries: Lilacs, MEDLINE, SciELO, and BVS. The initial search resulted in 2,069 articles, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that the actions identified by the review promoted the adoption of healthy habits and participation of older people, characterizing them as actions that promote active aging. However, the actions were limited almost exclusively to this age group, which may lead to age segregation, and focused on old age rather than adopting a life course perspective of active aging. Despite the importance of these actions, only 11 were evaluated, suggesting that the evaluation of education and health promotion actions to demonstrate effectiveness and promote replication in other locations or services is not very common practice.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Promoción de la Salud , Objetivos
17.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 93(1): e1302, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, fig
Artículo en Español | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251745

RESUMEN

Introducción: En Cuba se plantean metas progresivas para la eliminación de la tuberculosis en niños. Objetivo: Evaluar las desigualdades en la ocurrencia de la tuberculosis en menores de 15 años en cinco provincias occidentales cubanas y sus municipios. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de series temporales en las provincias Pinar del Río, Artemisa, La Habana, Mayabeque y Matanzas. Los datos provinieron del Sistema de Vigilancia del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se analizaron el número de casos y las tasas de notificación por 100 000 habitantes. Se calcularon los porcentajes por grupos de edad; las tasas anuales, sus variaciones 2011-2015 y las tendencias mediante regresión lineal simple. Se estimaron las medias geométricas de las tasas, la menor fue la referencia para calcular las diferencias absolutas y relativas. Se estratificaron las provincias y sus municipios según las metas progresivas hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis. Resultados: Las provincias occidentales notificaron 56,1 por ciento del total Cuba. Pinar del Río fue la provincia de referencia, mostró una reducción de 100 por ciento de su tasa. La tendencia en La Habana y Mayabeque fue ligeramente ascendente con tasas 17 y 14 veces mayores que la de referencia. Artemisa, Matanzas y Pinar del Río estuvieron en preeliminación; cinco municipios de La Habana, dos de Mayabeque y uno de Matanzas están en ultracontrol muy avanzado. Conclusiones: Las desigualdades de la tuberculosis en menores de 15 años para algunas provincias fueron relevantes, así el control debe ser fortalecido sostenidamente en La Habana y Mayabeque(AU)


Introduction: In Cuba, progressive goals are set for the elimination of tuberculosis in children. Objective: Assess inequalities in the occurrence of tuberculosis in children less than 15 years in five western Cuban provinces and their municipalities. Methods: Ecological study of time series in the following provinces: Pinar del Río, Artemisa, Havana, Mayabeque and Matanzas. The data came from the Surveillance System of the Ministry of Public Health. The number of cases and reporting rates per 100,000 inhabitants were assessed. Percentages by age group were calculated, and the annual rates, their variations in 2011-2015 and trends were assessed through simple linear regression. The geometric means of the rates were estimated; the lower was the reference for calculating absolute and relative differences. Provinces and their municipalities were stratified according to progressive goals for TB elimination. Results: Western provinces reported 56.1 percent of the total in Cuba. Pinar del Río was the reference province, showing a 100 percent reduction in its rate. The trend in Havana and Mayabeque was slightly upward with rates 17 and 14 times higher than the reference rate. Artemisa, Matanzas and Pinar del Río were in pre-elimination stage; five municipalities in Havana, two in Mayabeque and one in Matanzas are in a very advanced far-control. Conclusions: TB inequalities in children under 15 years old for some provinces are relevant, so control must be strengthened steadily in Havana and Mayabeque(AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Tuberculosis , Estudios de Series Temporales , Vigilancia en Desastres , Objetivos
18.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 25(1): 101042, jan., 2021. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249302

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Background: Hanseniasis is a public health concern in developing countries. Although a decrease in the number of new cases in Brazil has been reported, there is a prevalence above that recommended in some regions. Aims: Considering the goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) to accelerate towards a leprosy-free world from 2020, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile and leprosy trends in the city of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the epidemiology and trends of hanseniasis between 2005 and 2018, monitoring socioeconomic and clinical epidemiological variables obtained from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of Hanseniasis (SINAN) database. Results: A total of 422 cases of hanseniasis (284 male, 138 female) were included. The questionnaire of six patients was incomplete. The highest number of cases (89) was recorded in 2006 (11.7/10,000 inhabitants). The borderline clinical form was most common, with 45.4% of cases. Throughout the historical series, the rate of annual percentage change in the detection of new cases and cases with grade 2 disability showed a decreasing profile, at −13.9 [95% CI: −19.1, −8.2] and −13.1 [95% CI: −21.8, −5.5], respectively. The same rates were observed in patients below 15 years of age. Limitations: This study reflects the scenario in one reference center and data were obtained retrospectively. Conclusions: The incidence of hanseniasis in this reference center is declining gradually; however, the indicators show active disease transmission and late diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Objetivos , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ciudades
19.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 20: 1-18, 2021. tab, ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400340

RESUMEN

La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo unificar ciertos criterios utilizados en el proceso de planificación terapéutica fonoaudiológica en el área de voz considerando el modelo del CIF promovido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se ofrece un marco que considera la organización de los contenidos terapéuticos bajo un adecuado criterio de jerarquización en concordancia con las orientaciones terapéuticas que el/la fonoaudiólogo/a determine, así como lineamientos en torno a la formulación de objetivos y características que éstos deben poseer de manera que respeten el formato SMART sugerido por la literatura. Además, se indica la importancia de los factores contextuales del/la usuario/a en el establecimiento de actividades de generalización/transferencia de los logros clínicos como etapa vinculante entre los niveles de "Función / Estructura" y "Participación / Actividad". Se espera que esta propuesta logre generar una discusión profesional que propenda a establecer parámetros adecuados de organización terapéutica tanto para efectos académicos como para el ejercicio clínico.


The present proposal aims to unify certain criteria used in the speech therapy planning process in the voice area, considering the CIF model promoted by the World Health Organization. A framework is offered that considers the organization of therapeutic contents under an adequate hierarchical criterion in accordance with the therapeutic orientations that the speech therapist determines, as well as guidelines around the formulation of objectives and characteristics that they must have of respect the SMART format suggested by the literature. In addition, the importance of the contextual factors of the user is indicated in the establishment of activities of generalization/transfer of clinical achievements as a binding stage betweenthe levels of "Function/Structure" and "Participation/Activity". It is expected that this proposal will generate a professional discussion that tends to establish adequate parameters of therapeutic organization both for academic purposes and for clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Trastornos de la Voz/terapia , Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud , Fonoaudiología , Indicadores de Salud , Objetivos
20.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1351176

RESUMEN

Abstract Personal achievement goals and self-efficacy make up the motivational dimension of self-regulated learning. This research investigates the initial psychometric properties of the Achievement Goals Scale for Reading Comprehension and the Self-efficacy Scale for Reading Comprehension. The evidence-based test content validity study involved three expert judges and 16 Middle School, who pointed to the theoretical and practical adequacy of the scales. Validity evidence based on the scales' internal structure was obtained with a sample of 522 students, using factor analysis as statistical resources. We verified the plausibility of the three-factor Achievement Goals Scale model and the one-factor Self-efficacy Scale model, and identified reasonable reliability estimates. Results indicate that the scales can be used in exploratory investigations. We suggest further research to expand its psychometric quality.


Resumo As metas de realização e a autoeficácia integram a dimensão motivacional da aprendizagem autorregulada. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais da Escala Metas de Realização para a Compreensão de Leitura e da Escala Autoeficácia para Compreender a Leitura. Na investigação da evidência de validade de conteúdo participaram três juízes especialistas e 16 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II, que apontaram para a adequação teórica e prática das escalas. A evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna foi obtida com uma amostra de 522 estudantes, utilizando-se como recursos estatísticos a aplicação de análises fatoriais. Verificou-se a plausibilidade dos modelos da Escala de Metas de Realização, constituída de três fatores, e da Escala de Autoeficácia, unifatorial, bem como a identificação de estimativas adequadas de fidedignidade. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que as escalas podem ser utilizadas em investigações exploratórias. Sugere-se a continuidade das pesquisas para ampliar a sua qualidade psicométrica.


Resumen Las metas de logro y la autoeficacia integran la dimensión de motivación del aprendizaje autorregulado. En este estudio, se investigaron las propiedades psicométricas iniciales de la Escala de Metas de Logro y la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Comprensión Lectora. En la investigación de evidencias de validez de contenido participó tres expertos y 16 alumnos de la educación secundaria, quienes señalaron la adecuación teórica y práctica de las escalas. La evidencia de validez basada en las escalas internas se obtuvo con una muestra de 522 alumnos, utilizando el análisis factorial como recurso estadístico. Se verificó la plausibilidad del modelo de Escala de Metas de Logro, que consta de tres factores, y el factor único del modelo de Escala de Autoeficacia, además se verificaron parámetros de confiabilidad adecuados. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las escalas se pueden utilizar en investigaciones exploratorias. Sugerimos más estudios para expandir sus propiedades psicométricas.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Psicometría , Estudiantes , Eficacia , Autoeficacia , Educación Primaria y Secundaria , Ego , Autocontrol , Objetivos , Aprendizaje , Motivación
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA